 . In many ways, for Aristotle, 0:46 As it is for any student of politics, the most serious, 0:52 This is the most difficult problem confronting the problem of 0:58 Faction. How to control the factions. 1:02 How to control the conflict between the factions. 1:07 This is mainly related to the subject of books IV and V of 1:13 Politics, where Aristotle continues 1:18 Regime described by the term, the regime that he believes 1:25 The most successful for control of the faction issue. 1:31 Regime is a regime that represents, for Aristotle, 1:50 A mixture of oligarchy and the principles of democracy. 1:55 Therefore, he says, avoiding the dominance by 2:01 Extreme. By combining elements, 2:03 So to speak, and few of the many political entity is characterized by 2:08 Dominance of middle-class group in the middle. 2:13 Middle class, he says, he can get 2:16 Confidence of both sides extremists among them, at least it 2:21 Numerous enough to prevent the problems of class struggle 2:25 And factional conflict. "Where is the medium component 2:30 Great, "Aristotle writes," The conflict between the different streams and splits 2:34 The nature of regimes occur in the least. " 2:38 Aristotle's proposal and a mixture of oligarchy 3:32 Democracy seems in many respects 3:35 Expected, 2,000 years before the fact, 3:38 The inevitable conclusion that I come and I believe all 4:01 Aristotle's astute reader will is Aristotle, 4:06 In fact, he discovered the American Constitution 1500 or 4:11 2,000 years before it was written. 4:14 But Aristotle's mixed constitution was different from ours 5:30 Still some important ways. 5:34 Aristotle understood the mixed constitution as the balance 5:38 Classes - one, few, and many more. 5:42 Is not so insist, as you will see your 5:45 Reading, the actual separation of the functions of 5:49 Government, and putting them into separate hands. 5:52 That's enough for him, he says, if any class of shares 5:56 Any aspect of the ruling power. 6:03 But this leads to another difference. 6:05 We tend to think of separation of powers doctrine as 6:09 Necessary security and liberty of the individual 6:14 Not us? We usually think of individual 6:17 Freedom for the separation of security 6:21 Power. This is when the political functions 6:24 Be concentrated by, again, 6:27 By too few, because we risk arbitrary government 6:32 Risk the freedom of the individual. 6:35 But for Aristotle, is not freedom of 6:40 Individual so much as a performance or functional 6:44 Welfare of the city, that is the priority. 6:49 not only Aristotle 7:32 Understand the importance of separation of powers doctrine 7:38 And the kind of balance of factions as a way of controlling 7:44 Conflict and struggle, but he also understood the 7:49 Importance of commercial property and private property 7:53 For a prosperous Republic. Aristotle claims that 8:20 The city is not a natural one. Ie, 8:24 Some variety is necessary to make the city. 8:30 Where any property is held jointly, more likely 8:36 Suffer from neglect is more common is jointly owned. 8:43 He understands very well in many respects 8:46 Virtues of private property of the trade. 8:49 Obviously, Political partnership, he says, must be considered 10:23 For performing noble deeds. 10:27 Wealth, property, he tells us, 10:30 Exists for the integrity, not by for 10:35 Wealth. 12:36 His idea of the best regime, which is the subject of 12:41 Recently two books on politics, 12:44 Book VII and VIII. Aristotle was very rude here 12:48 On the structure, institutional structure, 12:52 Make-up of the best regime to recognize the best regime 12:57 Is one of the best men rule. That is, 13:02 This kind of aristocracy, or aristocratic republic. 13:07 I want to talk about this regime a bit now, 13:11 What Aristotle understands to be requirements or 13:14 Fulfillment, needs, 13:17 This aristocratic republic. These parts 13:23 Politics, Aristotle offers a serious 13:27 Greek traditions challenge existing patterns 13:31 Education and political. Every bit, in many ways, 13:35 Is of extreme importance such as Plato's Republic. 13:38 First, he tells us the purpose of 13:42 The best government, the goal of the Republic of Aristotle is directed 13:48 Not war, but in fact peace. 13:51 Citizen of the best regime, he says, must be able to 13:56 To war if binding obligation, but only for peace 14:01 Leisure. Second, Aristotle understood the purpose of leisure when 14:17 Says the regime's end goal is peace and peace 14:21 Is leisure. . Recreation is not just mean 14:35 Rest or inactivity, but spare time is necessary 14:39 Education or what is sometimes called by the term philosophy. 14:44 By philosophy, he seems not so much to offer 14:48 Capacity for abstract thought or speculative, 14:51 But a kind of liberal education that he sees to be 14:58 Keep what he calls the term by 15:02 megalopsychos, literally, the great souled 15:08 Person or a great man, souled. Mega, megalo, 15:13 Our concepts have a psychos, 15:17 Related to our word soul, the soul. 15:21 Great souled man, big man, souled, 15:25 Gentleman is in many respects 15:28 For Aristotle, the ideal recipient of this 15:31 Type of education, liberal education and, 15:36 In a sense, the ideal or perfect audience 15:40 Or readers of the book itself. 15:42 We can begin to see clearly how the regime of Aristotle's best 15:48 Differs from an uncompromising demand for the rule of Plato 15:53 The philosopher kings. Megalopsychos, 15:58 Gentleman, anything else is 16:01 He was not a philosopher in the narrow sense. 16:04 Sociologically, Aristotle makes it clear that 16:08 megalopsychos, Very clear about who, again, the ideal statesman or 18:11 , Which calls for a statesman potential reader of this book will be. 18:17 Who can understand the measurements or appropriate, 19:36 The right thing do the complex arrangements 19:41 Make the whole situation. Above all, such a person 19:45 Embodies the special quality of insight and discrimination that 19:51 Distinguishes him, or her people, 19:54 Again, a more theoretical or speculative cast of mind. 20:00 How is quality phronimos, 20:04 Verdict, the practical reason, 20:07 Sense of the horse, how it is acquired? 20:14 Aristotle tells us that this type of knowledge is a form of 20:21 The best knowledge of politics. 20:25 Again, it does not - and he wants to be clear about this - this 20:30 Theoretical knowledge is not just aiming at 20:34 Abstract truths, nor productive 20:38 Knowledge, what it calls techne, 20:41 Productive knowledge used in the manufacture of useful 20:46 Finds. What is it, then? 20:49 It knew how to behave there, the purpose of the operation is 20:55 A good game. You could say it's less body 21:00 Assumptions rather sly sense of knowledge or 21:05 Politically experienced. 21:10 This type of knowledge involved in judging the debate, 21:15 The skill or art deliberative deliberative. 21:20 We are targets only, Aristotle says, 21:23 About things that have some choice. 21:27 We aimed to preserve or change the eye, 21:31 To do something better, or keep it from becoming 21:35 Worse. This type of knowledge will be 21:38 Art or art of the statesman concerned above all 21:43 With what to do in a situation. 21:46 This is a major politicians estate skills, 21:49 Is Aristotle's Politics 22:18 Tell the type of knowledge required for that 22:24 Kind of skill. This practical Quality 22:28 Judgement phronimos, practical wisdom, 22:33 "What is a good intellectual quality 23:17 Politicians with their knowledge differentiates 23:22 All other forms of rationality and knowledge? " 23:28 Special understanding of public life, 23:39 Which politicians can be, if they are wicked or 23:43 Virtue. Or that Bismarck was 23:45 Talleyrand or Franklin Roosevelt, or, for that matter, 23:50 Men like Cavour or Disraeli, Gladstone or joint Ataturk 23:55 With great psychological writers, 23:58 "So even there, 24:11 Like Aristotle, he distinguishes between sex 24:14 Practical skills estate greatest minds, 24:18 Political minds at least, and says it's completely different 24:22 "Practical reason, 24:40 Maybe she's a sense of what works and what does not. 24:45 This is the ability to synthesis and analysis, 24:48 Knowledge in the sense that their coaches know 24:52 Animals or their children or parents and their conductors 24:56 Bands compared to that in which 25:00 Chemists know the contents of their tubes or 25:03 Mathematicians know the rules and their symbols obey. 25:07 Who is the lack of quality of practical wisdom, 25:11 All other features they may possess, 25:14 No matter how wise, learned, imaginative, 25:16 Kind, noble, handsome, and other talented 25:19 Ways they may be, are rightly 25:24 Politically qualified. "There are, of Berlin tells us 25:28 Something about the nature of political knowledge 25:32 Aristotle describes phronimos. 25:35 Again, how is knowledge acquired? 25:38 We're just born with it? Some people just have it or 25:42 It's a product of experience? Aristotle does not say, 25:48 But I think the answer is clearly part of two. 25:53 This quality, as I agree with Berlin, 25:56 This leads me to a large 26:52 Question, so to speak, he put down 26:57 Aristotle's work as a whole. What political Aristotle 27:02 Science? What's this? 27:05 What he's trying to do? The core of political science, at least according to Aristotle 28:50 This extent I am very Aristotelian, 28:54 What distinguishes him from other studies is a term 28:59 Regime, the politea. 29:01 Regime, for him, is not a branch of the human 29:05 Among other activities, is a basic principle 29:09 Or ordering principle that makes everything else possible even. 29:14 This is why Aristotle does not refer to the study of politics 29:18 A social sciences, among other things. That rather what he calls 29:23 Master of science determines the ranking and the place of all 29:28 Others within the regime. His study of the regime, 29:32 That is the basic constitutional principles 29:36 To control all of what distinguishes Aristotle from 29:40 Other social scientists. Aristotle ascribes to the regime, because I think what 30:08 In his kind of political science than 30:12 Today. For Aristotle, however, politics has 30:43 Priority over all others, because he claimed 30:48 Man is a political animal. To be a political animal is 30:53 A first speech or reason that allows us to 30:57 Participants in the community or a way of life is governed by some 31:02 Standards of justice and injustice. 31:06 Suppose Aristotle's political, scientific, in other words, 31:10 A particular conception of human beings as animals whose linguistic 31:14 They can not just live together - so do a variety of other 31:19 Mini - but rather sharing arrangements of power. 31:23 This is our logo, our reason for doing 31:27 You can also express the community or creates, 31:30 You could say certain width or 31:35 indeterminacy in how our behavior sets us apart 31:42 Other species. That's right, 31:45 He believes it makes latitude 31:48 Political communities not only on the sites part of the agreement 31:52 Standards, but also, as he says, 31:54 Sites of contestation of moral justice and injustice. 31:59 Politics is about conflict, disputes about justice. 32:04 To be a political animal, for him, is to employ or be 32:09 In this conversation, an ongoing discussion over 32:14 Very nature of justice, refuse to participate in 32:19 This call, declare ourselves from the outside 32:23 That, he says, is also to be under 32:26 Humanity or above. To be human is to be part 32:30 That call. 32:38 Aristotle's centrality in politics forces us to attribute 32:42 To examine another question, namely what is the purpose 32:48 This study? Why do we deal with it? 32:51 Aristotle certainly recognized that the accumulation of 33:41 Political knowledge, so to speak Collection 33:44 Data, organization of facts, it is very important. However important the study of 34:23 Politics may be, it is not for 34:26 Knowledge, but action, 34:28 As he tells us, activism, is his word 34:32 So the conclusion is, at least Aristotle think so, 35:24 That the study of politics is not, 35:27 Again, for knowledge's sake, 35:31 But this knowledge serves the regime. Aristotle discusses at length. 35:56 Jurisdiction of this quality is a practical reflection, 36:00 Again, a unique sort of political or diplomatic art 36:04 Aristotle tells us that skill. That is a type of knowledge needed by 36:22 The politicians. Aristotle's Political Science, 36:26 Then, in the end the top science of statesmanship, 36:31 So if political Aristotle 37:57 Education is the statesmanship of science, 38:00 So what is Aristotle's unique method 38:46 Politics? To some extent, 38:49 Aristotle refuses to play the game of the methodologist. 38:55 Section is known from the medical ethics 38:58 He says that our discussion will be adequate if it achieves 39:02 Clearly within its subject. 39:04 If it achieves clarity within her subject. 39:08 In other words, he seems to say that 39:11 Methodological purity is in demand as 39:15 There's always politics there much variety 39:18 Certainty. It's a sign, 39:21 He says, of an educated man, probably liberally educated 39:25 Adam, not to demand more precision the subject 39:29 Change Option. . 39:48 It offers a series of political FAQs 40:27 Scientists need to address. He puts these questions 40:31 At the very beginning the fourth book of politics. 40:36 He has four such questions. Political scientist, 40:40 He says, should have an understanding of the best regime, 40:43 The most favorable circumstances. |
